rough draft project 3

Laura Tatone
The Field and Study of Communication

The study of communication is an important field of study for many reasons. Communication is used in everyday interactions whether it be face-to -face or through technology. There are different types of communication styles and contexts that effect how a message from one person is sent and interoperated by another person or group of people. It is important to study these types of communication so that we as humans can both become better at communicating thoughts and ideas, but also with understanding how different types of communication can have different effects to how a person interoperates the message being sent.
  Some arguments for/against why communication is an important area of study. (no content from prof yet but it is in the process of being completed, this would be were the interview segments will be put and addressed.)
In a journal article from Mark Hickson and Eduardo Neiva titled Toward A Taxonomy Of  Universals In The Biology Of Communication. The inquiry of how the nature of communication between humans is investigated in this article. Communication as a study is difficult to pin down with one common placed description. The same goes for how communication is thought to have been constructed.  Hickson wrote that “The tendency to avoid the question of the universals as the starting point in communication studies stems from the unwarranted suspicion that the replies to such an inquiry are inevitably empty, futile, or obvious. The only generalization concerning communicating humans would be that there is no possible generalization.” There can be a number of different factors as to how we are able to communicate but for Hickson and Neiva they propose that we are able to communicate due to a biological nature of needs. Some ideas that support this line of thinking is that for evolution to happen, the individual organism is important to play multiple parts, such as reproduction, eating other organisms, and being eaten by other organisms. The organism plays either the role of cooperation or competition and with these parts they must interact differently to survive based on deceptive possibilities and honest messages.
In another article from Kelly McMillan And Simon Albrecht Titled Measuring Social Exchange Constructs in Organizations the idea being expressed is that communication climates and change communication are important areas in helping employees cope with changes in an organization. They believe that communication is important to keep workers involved in there organizations and that communication will help keep workers committed to the company through times of change. There are many different ways to help people cope with change and one of the ideas that the article presents is Social exchange theory which “contends that the more frequently, sincerely, and intensely expressions of support are perceived by employees, the more likely they will be to reciprocate with pro-social attitudes and behaviors.”  This is a way that communication is important and without the study of communications studies like this would not be held and this type of interaction between organization and employee would be less understood.
Communication as a substantial area of study, both in how it was created and how it is used in a day to day context. For these articles they present the reader with arguments to how communication is valuable and they bring up subject matter that relates to their argument and claims. The field of communication is important for us to study to understand how we behave and what kind of interactions influence the way we think and feel.

Project 3 Communication Journals

Toward A Taxonomy Of Universals In The Biology Of Communication
This article talks about how human communication and interaction elements can be contributed to other processes outside the socio-psychological. This article goes into the multiple areas that effect communication and how we as humans have multiple ways of communicating a variety of different messages. This article talks about culture, environment, evolution, genetic structure and  psychological functions. These all factor into how communication has components of being biologically programmed into our brains. It is through evolution of genetics that we are able to communicate both verbally and through physical motion. These functions can both can be said to play apart in our communication processes. This article talks about the different ways humans interact within a social system and with the data collected it hopes to show how it is we are able to communicate. This article will help me write my project in the fact that it offers a wide variety of different components to communication and it makes a strong argument to how genetics play a part in how we as humans are able to have the ability to communicate and how our surrounding effect how we were able to develop communication skills.


Hickson, Mark, and Eduardo Neiva. "Toward A Taxonomy Of Universals In The Biology Of Communication." Journal Of Intercultural Communication Research 31.3 (2002): 149. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 8 Apr. 2013.



Measuring Social Exchange Constructs In Organizations

This article is about communication in companies and how employees and organizations communicate within there related areas. The relationship between these two groups can be influenced by a number of different factors and the article has been written to address these processes. Within a company it is not uncommon for there to be change in the workplace and employers are looking for ways to communicate effectively to their workers to promote change within the company to make it function efficiently. Good communication is important within a working relationship and organizations need to be effective to get the best out of there workers so that their customers also get the best out of the company. This will help my paper because I find that relationship of company-employee are fundamental and they both work to gain something from the other. In this article there are many different areas to how they explain the communication strategies that go on within a work environment and this can be used to talk about communication in a more general term for my paper.

McMillan, Kelly, and Simon Albrecht. "Measuring Social Exchange Constructs In Organizations." Communication Methods & Measures 4.3 (2010): 201-220. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 9 Apr. 2013.

Your Logos, Pathos, and Ethos

Your rhetorical strategy must be implicitly understood throughout your paper. In order to gear your research and argument towards rhetoric rhetorical strategies, answer the following questions with regard to your topic.


1. Who are you hoping to convince in your paper?
 In my paper I am hoping to convince the Dean and other higher ups at the Tempe campus of ASU physical health services that can deal with fitness related issues and play a part in making the proposal a reality.



2. Why might this audience be hesitant to accept your proposal?
The audience might be hesitant to accept my proposal because they might view it as taking up more money and time then what they think it is worth.



3. What is your plan to overcome this audience’s resistance?
 Show them facts and details on how if smartly done, the proposal can run very smoothly with the least amount of money used and time wasted.



4. Why are you qualified to present an argument about this subject?
I am a student that goes to ASU and I am concerned about the health and physical well-being of myself and my fellow school mates. I know how important physical activity is to the body and using the right sources I can prove to others that my ideas are logical and of sound argument.



5. What characterizes you as a speaker in your proposal? (Think about your self-disclosures, your tone, the way you’ve selected and presented arguments, etc.)
 This is a topic that not only effects the students body, but it also effects myself as well. In my paper I try to show that I am with the student body and that I plan to help those students that that can relate to me and what I am proposing. I present my paper as being formal but I also try to show how the proposal can effect a student from my perspective.



6. Write an outline of your key arguments:
How fitness is important to the body, both physically and mentally in a college setting. How physical activity improves mood, increases mental functions, decreases stress and helps regulate sleep.
Talk about why having multiple fitness outlets across campus helps students that might not have the time to go all the way across campus to excise.
Finally, talk about how by increasing fitness areas on campus can help motivate more students to become physically healthy.



7.  What kind of evidence do you rely on to support these points? (stats, analogies, personal testimony, expert testimony, experiments, etc.)

I plan to use data collected by recognized studies that show facts that help contribute to the points I make in my paper. It will consist of mostly experiments so that the facts are reliable.




8. How do you know this evidence will sufficiently support your points AND win over your audience?

That the evidence correlates well with what I am presenting is an important factor. The studies have been tested and results have been collected from them that show the tests have collected sufficient data. When it comes to health it is important to realize that there are multiple view points on the subject and when writing a proposal it helps to identify as many as you can in the paper in the hopes of winning over the audience.

Rough Draft Project 2 Written Proposal

Dear Robert Mittelstaedt, Dean

At Arizona State University, health and fitness are focused on for the benefits of the students. Below is a suggestion of what well farther benefit the students of ASU pertaining to students fitness and physical activity. Where there has been involvement to help students become fit and active, there are ways to go farther to help our students.

The suggested proposal pertains to the expanse of fitness outlets across the ASU Tempe campus. The campus already has a fully stationed fitness center that has recently been further developed, but not all students have the presents of mind to go across campus just to regulate their physical activities. In many ways having the majority of fitness outlets centered around one area is more of a hindrance to the students. Like with most things people are more likely to go out and do something when it is hosted close to a frequented living place. With the ASU fitness center it is centered far from most of the dorms and for some students in order to work out they have to walk across campus. This can be a deterrent to some students who might not have a lot of time to get to the building. To make up for that they ASU campus could be outfitted with multiple fitness areas across campus. These outlets can be placed close to the dorms and other frequented places for students. This will make the students more inclined to go out and exercise and will enhance campus health.
Sincerely,
Laura Tatone

Project 2: Written Proposal
Problem:
At the ASU Tempe Campus the fitness center is located in one area of the campus. This could be a deterrent for some students that have to go out of their way to exorcise across campus. May students might want to exorcise but when faced with the idea of going all that way it becomes a hindrance for them. Many students use walking  as a transportation around campus and the father away the fitness building is from their location, the less likely that they will want to go there. Proximity is a defining factor in a students decision making, and if the building is too far away it often leads to the idea of ‘out of sight, out of mind’. Which also leads to the problem of motivational encouragement for students to go out and do physical activities on campus.
Solution:
By placing more fitness outlets across campus and closer to the dorms the school will be promoting more students into becoming physically active and will give the students more of an incentive to go out and exorcise.
Justification:
For many students it is easier to want to go and do something if it is closer to where they like to frequent, such a their dorms. In a study conducted at a South Carolina University Julian Reed, EdD found that “Facilities close to an individuals residence will be seen often and will heighten awareness of PA[Physical Activity]. Individuals in and around the facilities who appear to be exercisers will strengthen the impact of the stimuli by making PA appear to be a social norm. Awareness of a recreational PA facility, therefore, can perhaps influence PA behavior of university  students. Maybe men and women who reported being more aware of certain PA facilities in this study lived closer to these recreational PA facilities and were cued to participate in PA at a higher frequency by individuals using the facilities” (Reed 193).
This goes to show that if the fitness outlets were closer to the students in multiple places around campus and not in one centered location, then the students will be more likely to use those facilities. If we where to create more outlets on the ASU campus there could be more students becoming physically fit. With these outlets there could be more awareness to where they are and what types of fitness the area specializes in. If the area has some way of motivating the students to go and exorcise regularly, the students would be more likely to go and be physically active.
In a study by  M. Allison Ford, PhD and Donald Torok, PhD they found that when using motivational posters around stairways and elevators of a college library, the students were more likely to use the stairs after seeing the posters on physical activity. If ASU were to create multiple fitness outlets across campus then the students could become more motivated to become fit. Along side with the new outlets there could be a larger hype to what they offer to the students and depending on where they are around campus they can focus more on one type of exorcise then another. Take for example the if there was a weight lifting room at the Palo Verde dorms.  The dorms could arrange events for students that enjoy weightlifting and they could advertise it on a weekly basis to the dorm community. Another example would be to host physically active events in the grass area at the Palo Verde dorms. That area could be use for yoga lessons, soccer, or capture the flag. All things that could be done at the fitness complex could be done in other areas of campus, with a little planning, the students could be well on there way to becoming motivated for physical activates, and with multiple fitness outlets the ASU community could make it happen.









Work Citied
Ford, M. Allison, and Donald Torok. "Motivational Signage Increases Physical Activity On A College Campus." Journal Of American College Health 57.2 (2008): 242-244. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Mar. 2013.
Reed, Julian. "Perceptions Of The Availability Of Recreational Physical Activity Facilities On A University Campus." Journal Of American College Health 55.4 (2007): 189-194. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Mar. 2013.

Movie Review

So your thinking of going to see a movie huh? Everyone loves going to the movies. Horror, comedy, action, and romance are all popular and well known genres of movies. So much to pick from. 
However, without a bit of spice, this topics can quickly become cliche in the eyes of a movie viewer. They can't stand on their own. A nice blend is needed from a wide arrange of genres to make a good movie. 
In the case of Warm Bodies this film has put a twist on the classic zombie movie and has had heated reviews by audiences. 
This film has been so strongly received by it's clever use of humor. A zombie with a introspective monologue? Who wouldn't want that?! This film also has a lot of surprisingly -pun intended- heart warming moments that reach out to the audience and help them connect with the characters onscreen.  
Hidden themes are also woven into the movie and it's amazing what you can just get from the characters names. R and Julie, now what famous story does that sound like? Don't know? You'll figure it out after you go see the movie. 
This is not just any monster movie, and lets just say, it goes a lot farther then any Twilight movie ever has. The story played out by R and Julie is striking and intriguing. It's something fresh for an audience to experience and a defiant 'go to' for ASU students. 

multiple perspective

·     McKemy Junior High must reconsider its decision to cut music programs.

a.  The music department at the middle school.
b. The board of Directors at the school that run the programs.
c. The superintendent of the school.

* ASU’s dry campus policy is injurious to the students and should be amended.

a. ASU Dean.
b. Teachers
c. Health care workers

* I propose that the ASU adopts a stricter campus security in order to keep vagrants and other potentially dangerous individuals off the school grounds.

a.  ASU Campus Security department
 b. ASU Dean
c. ASU community members

STEP TWO: Develop Context: how do these stakeholders interact with one another? Do they have the same interests, attitudes, or ideas? What do they agree on and what do they disagree on? Pick one of the debates from the first page and develop a profile for each stakeholder: what are their commonly held values, objectives, or beliefs? What kinds of information or experiences get factored into their decisions?

 Music Program

#1
 The music department at the middle school will consist of teachers and staff members that work with the students and have some say with what happens to the music programs. If the music program is cut then these staff members would lose their jobs at the school so in order to keep their jobs it’s in their best interest to reconsider the music program cuts. These people also work with the students and are able to get their input on the music program cut and how it could affect them.

#2
Board of Directors have a large say in what happens in the school curriculum. They basically organize how a school should be run and if influenced, can contribute a lot to a cause. They want to run an organized school and they normally try to incorporate many different areas into there decision based choices. They have a large amount of power when it is concerning how a school is ran.

#3
The superintendent often known as chief education officer and they have pull on what happens to the school system. They have a large oversight of what happens at the school and they take care of large business concerning the school. If they were to be influenced they could bring up the music cut to the board of directors. They generally want their school system to be running smoothly and if the budget allows they can come up with ways to keep the program.

STEP THREE: Research: What would be the best method to represent or address these perspectives in a proposal essay?

#1 Talk about how people in the community will lose their jobs if the music program is cut. Not only teachers, but outside tutors and instrument shops that helped the school and kids in acquiring instruments and helping the students learn their skills. Often times these people go through the school to get students to teach and sell to but if the school drops their music programs then the tutors and shops will not have the ability to offer students correct teaching and instruments.

#2
The proposal essay could incorporate how learning an instrument can help flex students cognitive abilities and how reading and playing music can be beneficial to the schools educational system and academic achievement. Finding studies done on music education in schools can help this argument and will help the essay with it’s credibility.

#3
The essay can talk about how music is an outlet for students and that for some students it’s a way to keep them out of trouble and that drug and alcohol abuse are lower in schools that have music programs. Helping kids get through life is an important part of school programs and with music kids can express themselves in non-harmful ways.

Example 2: Proposal Argument

     In the second student example, the student is proposing that the textbooks ASU purchases should be converted to electronic books that can be read on Ipads or Kindles. I agree with this argument because I find that the textbooks cast a lot of money and some chapters we don't even use in the books. 

If we were to get e-books students would also get a device to use it on. Technology like a Ipads or Kindles barely weight anything, where as text books are much heavier.For students that carry around their books from class to class, that means that they could have health concerns dealing with back problems. With e-books on weightless Ipads and Kindles, back problems are no longer a concern. With e-books students could also change text size for students that have bad eyesight, and other students can install auto-readers if they have difficulties with reading.

     This audience is made up of educators. Educators want to help their students any way they can. With the world getting more and more technological, it is important to keep up with the changes as a school system and it is also important that the students know how to adapt to the environment around them. Many students already know how to work technology and it is about time that the schools learn to improve the way that they teach its students. By getting student technology that helps improve work performance, the students will be able to understand more of what they are learning and for a school that is what they are set out to do.

     The writer doesn't give any personal stories, but they do quote a few sources in their work. Of the sources in their work they didn't correctly quote them. I didn't feel that the author was trying to reach out to the audience's emotional appeals. I would say that on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being of very strong ethos, I would put the author's ethos at around a 2.

     I think that this material is not the best for this assignment. The logic of this paper could have been covered and explained in better detail. The author didn't stick to one topic for long and it read more like they were reading off facts, rather then trying to persuade their audience into agreeing with them. The argument seems like it is barely held together and that it could have used more rhetorical strategies to make the paper stronger.

     The research used in this paper ranges from data collection to other schools in the Arizona area. They didn't seem to properly quote the people that they were using in their paper and when a piece of evidence was brought up that used the credited material, often a sentence relating to the subject or a figure, they didn't expand on the material or the source that they used. At times there was no explanation as to how their researched material had the credentials to be placed in the paper.